‰
Unicode
U+2030LaTeX
\textperthousandHTML entity
HTML decimal
‰MathML
<mo>‰</mo>Semantic identity and intent
Characters to distinguish
- ° — Degree Sign
- % — Percent Sign
- ∶ — Ratio
Use ‰ in the right format
Meaning and usage
Represents parts per thousand.
Use it when the denominator is 1000 rather than 100.
Pronunciation: per mille sign
Formula examples
5‰=0.005How to type Per Mille Sign
- Windows
- Open Character Map and search by name or Unicode U+2030.
- macOS
- Open Character Viewer with Control–Command–Space and search by the symbol name.
- Microsoft Word
- In an equation, type \textperthousand and press Space when Word supports the command.
- iPhone and iPad
- Copy and paste ‰, or use a math/LaTeX app. The standard iOS keyboard may not expose every mathematical symbol.
- Android
- Copy and paste ‰, or use a math keyboard or LaTeX editor. Keyboard layouts vary by device and app.
- Google Docs
- For plain text, paste ‰ or use Insert → Special characters. For structured math, use the equation editor and verify \textperthousand.
- Excel
- Paste ‰ into a cell or use Insert → Symbol when available. Ordinary cells preserve the character but do not interpret LaTeX commands.
Common mistakes
- Define ‰ near first use because statistical and probability conventions can distinguish sample, population, estimator, and parameter meanings.
- For plain text, copy ‰ as U+2030; for structured equations, use \textperthousand in math mode. A look-alike glyph or image can break search, accessibility, or parsing when the intended character is Per Mille Sign.
When to use ‰
- Use ‰ in plain text when a Unicode character is appropriate and the destination preserves U+2030.
- Use \textperthousand in an equation editor when mathematical spacing or structure matters.
- Define the local meaning when Per Mille Sign is used in currency measurement, statistics with a field-specific convention.
Look-alikes and related characters
- ° — Degree Sign
- % — Percent Sign
- ∶ — Ratio
Font and compatibility notes
Glyph shape can vary by font. Verify the code point after copying, and prefer LaTeX or MathML for structured equations.
Continue the workflow
From Per Mille Sign to a finished equation
- Copy the characterUse ‰ in plain text when Unicode is accepted.
- Choose a structured formatUse
\textperthousandfor LaTeX or the MathML snippet for accessible web equations. - Edit or convertOpen the value in the editor or converter without retyping it.
Review and source notes
Quality tier: specialist
Last reviewed: 2026-07-23
Review method: Catalog review of character identity and notation mappings.
Verified against: Unicode Standard, Unicode mathematical notation guidance, and established LaTeX/MathML syntax.
Reference sources
- The Unicode StandardUnicode Consortium — Character identity, encoding, names, and conformance.
- Unicode Character Code ChartsUnicode Consortium — Code points and official character charts.
Frequently asked questions
What does the Per Mille Sign symbol mean?
Represents parts per thousand.
What is the LaTeX command for ‰?
Use \textperthousand in a compatible math environment.
Can I copy ‰ as Unicode?
Yes. Use the copy button above to copy the Unicode character directly.