How to Type the Perpendicular Symbol

Quick answer

The Perpendicular symbol is ⊥. Copy it as Unicode text, or use \perp inside a LaTeX math environment. Its code point is U+22A5.

Copy and code formats

Windows, macOS, and Word

• Windows: Use Character Map or enter U+22A5 in a Unicode-aware app.
• macOS: Open Character Viewer with Control–Command–Space and search by name.
• Microsoft Word: Type \perp in an equation and press Space.

For a standalone character, direct Unicode is usually the simplest choice. For limits, fractions, matrices, scripts, or aligned equations, insert the symbol inside a native equation object or LaTeX expression so the surrounding structure remains editable.

LaTeX and web use

Use \perp in math mode. On a UTF-8 web page, the literal character ⊥ is valid when it is only an isolated operator or label. Use MathML or a math renderer when the symbol participates in a structured expression.

Examples

• AB\perp CD

Common mistakes

• Use the actual ⊥ character (U+22A5) when copying Perpendicular; a look-alike letter, punctuation mark, emoji, or image can break search, accessibility, and mathematical parsing.
• When authoring LaTeX for Perpendicular, enter \perp in math mode and confirm that it renders as ⊥; pasting a visually similar glyph can change the notation or fail in another renderer.
• Verify that copy and paste preserves U+22A5 rather than a visually similar character.
• Define the local mathematical convention when ⊥ can have more than one meaning.

Which format should you choose?

Use Unicode for a single searchable character, LaTeX for editable authoring, and MathML or a native equation object for semantic structured mathematics. Test the final document, PDF, browser, or presentation rather than assuming every application uses the same shortcuts.

Choose the input method for this task

For how to type perpendicular symbol, first decide whether the destination needs one searchable Unicode character or a structured equation. Copy the Unicode character for prose, labels, filenames, and search fields. Use the documented LaTeX command or a native equation object when scripts, fractions, limits, or scalable delimiters are part of the expression.

Verify the exact character

1. Paste the result into the real destination, not only a preview field.
2. Inspect the Unicode code point or equation source so a look-alike cannot pass unnoticed.
3. Reopen the exported document and test selection, search, and copy-and-paste behavior.
4. When the symbol has several field-specific meanings, define the intended meaning beside its first use.

Troubleshoot a failed input

If the shortcut remains literal text, confirm that the cursor is inside the correct equation mode. If a missing-glyph box appears, switch to a font with the required character. If export changes the character, compare the source before and after export and use the Unicode value or structured equation source as the reference.